Percentage Positive
	URINE	HAIR
COCAINE	0.5%	8.4%
MARIJUANA	0.5%	3.5%
OTHER DRUGS	1.7%	6.1%
OVERALL POSITIVE	2.7%	18.0%

Steelcase administered both urine and Psychemedics' hair analysis tests to 774 applicants in order to provide an effective side-by-side comparison. Hair and urine samples were collected on the same day from each individual. Steelcase has provided the results of this comparison to Psychemedics with their permission to reproduce them.

1. For all drugs tested, Psychemedics hair test was substantially more effective in identifying drug use, yielding an 18.0% positive rate in comparison to a rate of 2.7% for urine.

2. Because of the rapid excretion of cocaine in urine, Psychemedics was overwhelmingly more effective than urinalysis in identifying cocaine users. Sixteen times as many cocaine users were accurately identified using Psychemedics' patented technology.

If Steelcase were to rely on urinalysis to screen applicants for every 100 employees hired, approximately 15 would be drug users.

The National Institute of Health estimates that each drug abuser costs an employer
approximately $7,000 annually. Therefore, a company like Steelcase would save $105,000 per year for every 100 employees hired by pre-screening applicants with Psychemedics' hair analysis test.
 
 

STEELCASE CORPORATION
COST PER POSITIVE TEST RESULT
URINE VS. HAIR

A further example of Psychemedics' cost effectiveness:

If Steelcase had paid $50 per test using Psychemedics' hair testing and $30 per test for urine testing, the cost per positive for Steelcase would still be over $800 LESS using Psychemedics' technology.